Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Lls, Module Epf 135

Marie Appleby Module EPF 135 Roles and Responsibilities of a Teacher in the Lifelong Learning sSector The Lifelong Learning UK (2007) standards, highlight the complexity of the role of the FE teacher as follows â€Å"teachers have a responsibility for ensuring high standards of teaching and learning, as well as contributing to curriculum development and to the development of their subject knowledge† http://dera. ioe. ac. uk 21/10/11 Identifying Needs A key role of the teacher is to identify the needs of all learners so effective learning can be developed. The teacher may conduct tutorials at the beginning the course, to review and record personal information, barriers to learning, academic and vocational achievements. The information can be used to develop a learner pro? le, ensuring lesson planning and learning materials are appropriate and increase the chance of successful teaching and learning. Learners may feel uncomfortable disclosing or discussing personal information, therefore it may be advantageous to issue an anonymous questionnaire to the class. All information must be handled in a professional manner and kept con? ential. Planning and Design Teachers could plan and design a learning schedule. Changes can be made to these plans throughout the teaching cycle using assessment and evaluation. Teachers need to ensure that learning outcomes, objectives and aims for the course are covered in an appropriate way e. g. order in which outcomes are planned, delivery strategies, length of time, resources and assessment methods. Courses may be planned with an aim to ensure learning outcomes are met in the time allocated, using appropriate resources and methods. Teachers’ need to be aware of the requirements issued by their awarding body and organisation. Delivery Delivery of a course should be appropriate for all learners using clear aims and objectives. Activities should be differentiated to accommodate different learning styles. Resources should be well prepared, with suf? cient copies that support the learning activities. Sessions should be divided using an introduction, main and a conclusion to help the lesson progress logically and consolidate learning. Teachers need to ensure they have the 1 Marie Appleby Module EPF 135 knowledge and skills to deliver the course and be able to answer questions. Teachers should be smartly dressed and use a professional manner when teaching never using discriminatory, judgmental or offensive language. Teacher / student relationships should be based on mutual trust and respect with a responsibility to uphold safeguarding procedures, keeping learners safe, both physically and emotionally, within a safe learning environment. the process of safeguarding protects individuals who may be at risk from abuse or neglect, which could cause an impact on their education, health and development. safeguarding aims to ensure individuals are provided with a caring environment that is safe, promotes optimum life and learning chances†. (safeguardingchildren. org. uk (20/10/2011) Assess Methods of assessment should be planned, fair, reliable and linked to activity tasks. Learner achievement and progress can be mon itored throughout the learning process. Clear, concise and accurate feedback can be given to learners on their progress and achievement. Feedback should be given as quickly as possible, based on the quality of submission or performance, using positive and developmental comments. Information should be recorded in preparation for submission to the course awarding body. Teachers should avoid assessment tasks that do not link directly to the learning objectives, and ensure planned assessments are at the correct level for learners. Evaluate Evaluations should be conducted after each session, including strengths of the session, and areas for development and improvements. Learners could also be asked to re? ect on the sessions; this could be done verbally, through an evaluation form or by an evaluation activity. Conclusion The teaching/training cycle provides a cohesive structure within which roles, responsibilities and boundaries can be assessed and re? ected upon. The structure of the cycle is such that a successful teacher will multitask stages in a constantly evolving way. This ensures that teacher and students’ re? ctive growth of role, responsibilities and boundaries remains core to reaching a greater understanding of the aims and objectives relating to development with the course. 2 Marie Appleby Module EPF 135 Bibliographic References lluk 2007. (2007). National Occupational Standards (NOS) for the role of learning support practitioner in the lifelong learning sector . Available: http://dera. ioe. ac. uk/2332/1/ lspnosdraft. pdf. Last accessed 21st Oct 2011. Ofstead. What is safeguarding. Available: http://safeguardingchildren. org. uk/. Last accessed 20th october 2011. Word Count: 650 3 Marie Appleby Module EPF 135 4

Tips on Coping with Stress for College Students

I am sure the word ‘stress’ is a word that is very familiar to all of us – especially those who are studying foundation engineering. Stress is caused by the feeling of worry or pressure about a particular problem in life. For college students like us, stress or pressure is a result of high expectations that our family put on us. The pressure of competition among our friends too can cause to stress. No matter how you look at it, there is no way of escaping stress. Therefore, it is important that we find ways to cope with it to reduce the level of stress. The most important thing is to keep our body healthy. There are a number of things that we should do to ensure our health is always in good shape. Exercise is very important. It not only keeps our body healthy it also ensure our blood flows properly to the brain. Sitting and studying for hours without any movement can increase the level of stress. That is why it is advisable that you have half an hour break every two hours of your study time. It is during this break that you should do a few light exercises to keep your blood flowing. It is also advisable you go for walks, jogging or play sports to keep your mind healthy. Keeping the body healthy by merely doing exercise is not sufficient. It is also essential that we eat a balanced diet. Our body needs nutrition to produce energy to study. Besides, we must also ensure that we eat enough meals every day. Do not skip meals. A hungry stomach will only aggravate the situation and make us feel more stressed out. Hence for female college students, do not on diet in order to have a sexy body. You should always enjoy your foods Many college students cut down on their sleeping hours because they study late into the night. And the next day they have to wake up early. As a result, they come to college with a heavy head and headache. They force themselves to stay awake to concentrate in class, unfortunately they cannot. Therefore, study everyday, consistently in order to avoid last minute studying which will affect your health. The next important thing is to have a good study skill and technique. Join group discussions so that you can share ideas and thoughts among your friends. Learn how to study smart. Make notes and mind-map, these studying techniques will help you to study better. Have a check list to help you monitor the progress of your revision. If you have problem in certain subjects, you should spend more time on it. However, we tend to spend more time on our favorite subjects. As a result, this will affect your exam grade. Another way that can help us to cope with stress is by listening to some soothing music – something instrumental. According to the research, many have said that this type of music is helpful in lowering the stress level. I hope these tips will beneficial to all college students and wish you guys all the best in the foundation year.

Older Adults in the Media

Grand Canyon University December 6, 2009 Older Adults in the Media Grumpy Old Men The story is about two retired older men named John Gustafson and Max Goldman. The two have been friends since they were children. They are constantly playing pranks on each other and giving each other a hard time. The audience finds out that the reason the two fight is because a long time ago John won the heart of the woman Max wanted. Their antics get even crazier when an adventurous single woman moves into the house across the street named Ariel. The two men fawn over her, constantly watching her house from their windows. When Ariel stops by Johns house for a surprise bathroom break at 1:30am Max gets jealous thinking that John is in a sexual relationship with the younger women. Max then pursues Ariel, bringing her flowers and taking her ice fishing. But Ariel says he is just a friend. That is when she begins to pursue John and after a romantic day playing in the snow the two have sex. Well John is tickled pink and is having the most fun he’s had in a long time. When Max finds out he lashes out at John. John figures that he won the first women they fought over and he breaks up with Ariel. Max chases her and the two spend time together but never anything romantic. Then John has a heart attack and Max finds him and calls for help. This is when Ariel comes back into John’s life. The movie skips ahead and we see John and Ariel getting married and the movie ends with the two of them driving away from the wedding. One of the stereotypes I first identified was the title Grumpy Old Men. It implies that old men are grumpy and unhappy with life. The movie goes on to show us that these two men are cranky by them fighting with each other and complaining about things like the price of fishing worms. Another stereotype is that old people are lonely. In the movie we see John playing chess by himself and heating up a TV dinner every night after a whole day spent alone in his fishing shanty. The two men liked to talk about dying and what the best way to go would be. This is a stereotype that goes along with older people liking to talk about their medical aliments. The two men complain about the different medical problems they have had and they try to outdo each other saying that their medical problem was way more painful than the other persons. The men also showed the noisy neighbor stereotype that older people get when they stood outside their houses watching Ariel move in and then talking about it with the rest of the town. Another stereotype is that old people aren’t very good drivers like when John ran into the trash cans all the time or when Max was too distracted to see the UPS driver in front of him. Then after narrowly missing an accident Max says â€Å"watch where you’re going. † One of the funniest characters in the movie was John’s dad. He embodied the classic old man pervert. When John would talk about Ariel he would tell John to â€Å"mount her. † Lastly another stereotype shown was that old men are impotent. Like when John and Max were making fun of their other friend saying he â€Å"couldn’t rise to the occasion. I can’t say that I think that any of the stereotypes are true or untrue. Some of the characteristics describe some older adults I know and some don’t. That is the thing about stereotypes they don’t fit the whole group. I do hold my own stereotypes about older adults but I try to work on not letting them affect my judgm ent of the person. All of the stereotypes I identified in the movie I hold especially about the men being perverted and impotent and that they like to talk about their medical problems. I’ve been to dinner with my Grandma and Grandpa before and all they can do is talk about this doctor’s appointment and that doctor’s appointment. So I’ve seen some of these stereotypes first hand. Yes my understanding of older adults has changed over the semester. I think that working with them and seeing that the stereotypes are not true has helped change my view. All old men are not perverted and the old women are not lonely. I’ve talked with many of the older adults at Banner and Glencroft and I’ve found them to be nice, helpful, and respectful.

Interpretation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Interpretation - Essay Example Apparently, the common ancestry implies that we share several ideas, customs, and behaviours thus making the world a one big union of strangers. It is from the cosmopolitanism ideology that we all belong to the world despite our ethnic and racial differences that Koichi notes â€Å"Japan is represented and represents itself as a culturally and racially homogenous and uniquely particularistic by way of a strategic binary opposition between two imaginary cultural entities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Koichi, 2005; p. 104). From this, it becomes clear that actually, humanity belongs to the world and should be free to move from place to place. The cultural, racial and political entities that have served to divide human beings are imaginary; since we all belong to this world and we are equal to the people we find in other places that we might visit. Since we belong to this world, it is, therefore, surprising that some Japanese discriminate others. The realization that we share many aspects should help in creating mutual respect rather than enmity and animosity or the kind of discrimination perpetuated by the Medias in today’s society. Moreover, the Japanese nihonjinron should describe how unique Japanese culture is as well as indicate that it somehow ties to some global cultures just to bring about the whole notion of worldliness. Cosmopolitanism further connotes a scenario where our diversity does not distance us from fellow human beings, but rather brings us closer to the creation of a global community. We live in a globalized world where cultural exchanges are a reality. Cosmopolitanism implies the inclusion of all despite our differences whether at home, in Olympic Games, FIFA world, workplace or any other place where human interaction can occur. It is saddening that indeed, cultural politics are continuously destroying the positive associations that we should be having considering the fact that we are all human beings and perceptibly, from a common

Why the history should not be forgotten Is the memory of the Holocaust Essay

Why the history should not be forgotten Is the memory of the Holocaust used to foster divides in Europe How - Essay Example of global focus during this annual event and it uses the opportunity to assert its existence and the need to protect the nation from external aggression, mainly from the neighboring Arab communities. There are many arguments for and against commemoration of the Holocaust. Some people feel that the history should not be forgotten. Others argue that the memory of the Holocaust is used to foster divides in Europe and should be forgotten. Jews commemorate the Holocaust as part of their history reflecting the suffering they endured in Europe under the Nazi Germany. The global event is seen as a remembrance that not only acts as a lesson and a caution against human rights violation but also as a direction towards the right course for humanity as a whole. By virtue of it being an important lesson for humanity, it should not be forgotten. Generations will come and learn through the mistakes that the world made in the past and ensure that they do not reoccur. The Holocaust formed the foundation of the United Nations, which was an international organization viewed by all nations globally as the centre of hope for humanity and the future. Remembering the Holocaust promotes a shared resolve among nations to prevent such terror from ever happening anywhere else in the world. The commemoration represents an unmistakable resolution of nations, focused at appreciating that if nations identify with the ideals they protect, they c an be preserved (Lecomte, 2006). A national day of the liberation of Auschwitz is observed in Germany when the victims of state socialism are also remembered. For the survivors, the events of Auschwitz still linger in their minds. Those whose loved ones were killed in the concentration camps still visit the sites where these camps were located in Poland and they have a right to remember, reflect and narrate the occurrences over and over again to younger people who need to understand the past events that shaped the global relations that exist today. A

Company law - gambotto pinciples Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company law - gambotto pinciples - Essay Example In regards to this case, Michael Yew Seong Chin in his article Being in the Minority: The CompulsoryAcquisition of Shares writes: century of company law they were virtually defenseless... In 1995, the High Court of Australia delivered a corporate law decision that led to a maelstrom of publicity and controversy. This was the Gambotto v WCP Ltd which significantly altered common law governing amendments to a company's articles of association. Gambotto ushered in a In the original case trial Judge Mclelland J, injuncted the expropriation on the basis that majority shareholders were unjustly oppressing the minority shareholders. That decision was reversed by the Court of Appeal. Here the court noted that the expropriated shareholders received fair compensation for their shares. Using a contraction approach, Priestly J pointed to the fact that the shareholders on becoming members, agreed to become bound by duly passed resolutions, and Meagher JA pointed out that there were enormous tax advantages for the corporation and compensation was fair (Whincop 11). Unhappy with the Priestly/Meagher decision, Gambotto went back to the Court of Appeal and a final decision was reached by Mchugh J: Mchugh determined that the business objective was proper since it ena

Bailey Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bailey Corporation - Case Study Example Capital structure represents the proportion in which various long-term capital components are employed. The capital decisions have been recognized as the most important decisions affecting the successful working of any firm. This is due to the fact that the capital structure affects the cost of capital, net profit, earnings per share, dividends payout ratio and liquidity position of the firm. These variables coupled with a number of other factors determine the value of a firm. Therefore capital structure is a very important determinant of the value of a firm. There are different forms of financial securities offered by a company in order to secure the required funds from the investors. The most common method of raising long term finance is the issue of common stock. The common stocks of a corporation do not carry any special rights in terms of payment of dividend as compared to preferred stock. Preferred stocks carry a specific percentage of return on the investments by the preferred stock holders. In addition the preferred stock holders stand in priority to the common stock holders in getting a distribution of the assets of a corporation in the event of its winding up. In some instances the preferred stock holders also carry special voting rights as distinguished from the common stock holders. Convertible securities are bonds or preferred stocks that are convertible into a specified number of shares of common stock at the option of the stock holder. This is yet another of form financial security being offered by the corporations to secure the long term investment of the stock holders. The convertible security provides the convertible holder a fixed return in the form of interest or dividend and also the option to exchange a bond or preferred stock for common stock. Warrants and derivatives are a relatively long term option to purchase common stock at a specified exercise price over a specified period of time. Warrants are used to obtain a lower interest rate and to raise funds when the firm is considered as having a marginal credit risk. Warrants are also issued to compensate the underwriters and venture capitalists at the time of founding a company in return for their services or as commission payable to them. (Chapter 22) Bailey Corporation Case a) Number of Shares Outstanding 1,800,000 New shares Issued 800,000 Total Number of Shares 2,600,000 Retained Earnings $ 7,580,000 Earnings per Share after the Offering $ 2.92 (7,580,000/2,600,000) Assumed price earnings 12 Initial Price per share 12 * 2.92 $ 35.04 b) Total proceeds 800,000 * $ 35.04 $ 28,032,000 Less: Underwriting spread @ 5% $ 1,401,600 Less: Out of Pocket Expenses 300,000 Total Cost $ 1,701,600 Net Proceeds $ 26,330,400 c) Current Earnings $ 7,580,000 Number of original outstanding stock 1,800,000 EPS on original stock outstanding $ 4.21 ($ 7,580,000/1,800,000) Return needed for achieving

Soul Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soul Theory - Essay Example The answer to this question goes to an extent of providing the conditions under which we cease to survive and the conditions under which we survive in the process of particular adventures. The adventures do not have to look fancy as the cases of either brain swaps or human fission. Personal identity theory attempts to tell us if we can exist through the possession of cognitive capacities from fetus to person development or if we could have survived accidents if we found ourselves in a constant vegetative condition (Korfmacher, 2006). The personal identity theories have significant metaphysical and ethical implications and in association with particular normative premises, they can support the condemnation or justification of certain issues such as euthanasia or infanticide, or they could falsify or prove certain characteristics of the religious outlook. These implications assist in making decisions such as whether and how we can be resurrected and if we are the true possessors of souls in which their existence is similar to ours (Korfmacher, 2006). Many of the philosophers have attempted to find the solutions to the problem of personal identity or have dedicated themselves to metaphysical systems that have significant implications in regard to the personal identity problem. Other than the philosophers, majority of the religious belief systems have attempted to offer explicit answers to the question of persistence. It is not surprising that almost everyone holds the notion of pre-theoretical personal identity theory in the sense that they believe in life after death and know the meaning of death (Korfmacher, 2006). The task of solving the metaphysical problem of personal identity essentially involves answering the question of how the phenomenon or principle in virtue of which â€Å"entities like us† persist through time is to be specified, under the widely but not universally accepted premises that there is such a phenomenon or principle and that

College Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

College Life - Essay Example College life in these regions may differ a great deal, and it is with a great deal of effort that most students adapt from one environment to another (Snider 195). This paper will examine some aspects of college that are present in these regions, and how the differences that exist between the two set them apart from every other region. Various institutions have certain aspects that make them what they are in today’s modern world. It is imperative that institutions, especially higher learning ones, have certain aspects that can tie, attribute, or link their professionalism or success to their education system. Vast improvements in the nature of technology, the level of commitment when it comes to counseling and discipline, and even the protection and observation of individual rights in many institutions may be attributed to the rise in performance levels across the globe, hence; achievement of personal and overall goals and objectives in the different regions present (Snider 20 1). One aspect that requires attention from all fronts may be freedom exhibited in most higher learning institutions. Various scholars have discussed and dissected this aspect, and some of the implications that arise from it. Hodges James, O’Donnell James, and John William, â€Å"Cradle of conscience: Ohio’s independent colleges and universities.† 2003. ... g to the university life as they are able to choose the curriculum in which they want to enroll in, ranging from business, environmental safety and occupational health management. This progress has seen them increase structures in the famous Davis Street, which can now host some of their pharmacy programs. The capability of the university to house many students has enabled it to acquire different students, from all walks of life, to enroll in its different programs. Sadly, universities in Saudi Arabia may not have the same opportunities as universities in this region as it is difficult for them to integrate the learning system that is common in most learning institutions in the world. A lot has changed since the inception of the University. For example, it became the first university to offer the nation’s first bachelor’s degree in hazardous waste studies, which is referred to environmental safety and occupational health management. The technology available in the Unive rsity allows the various activities to take place, at the ease and convenience of the students. Saudi Arabia may need to look for inspiration in such advancement, and embrace the technological advancement that is seen in most of the campus innovative centers in American universities. The classrooms are now increasing in size and the structures modified to suit the diverse needs of students. One thing that stands out from Saudi Arabia universities is their provision of free education. The U.S is yet to embrace this, which means that most of the people in Saudi Arabia are being accorded the chance to achieve more in terms of education. An increase in the number of students indicates that people appreciate the University and all it offers. In Saudi Arabia, only a small number of students can be recorded

The Playboy of the Modern World Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Playboy of the Modern World - Movie Review Example It is as if we transported back in time. We were there when Christy claimed to have killed his father. We were there when Pegeen and Widow Quin lashed at each other so as to take 'custody' of liar Christy. It is said that the production's ability to project the setting as if it was real that made it a classic. (Zarrilli, 2002) My first impression in reading the title of the production was that it involved some sort of implied sexual material. However, I was faced with a setting from an Irish community whose history tells us to be very religious and of conservative type. How were the actors going to mix conservatism with sexually implicit material Watching the whole film, I was able to appreciate how the actors retained having a conservative look all the while making the audience feel the sexual tension in the story. For example, even though Pegeen was all covered in rags, her physical attractiveness and expressiveness was enough to generate sublimated sexual energy and so does Christy whose seemingly innocent face suddenly embellishes the production with sexuality when he smiles devilishly. The actress playing the Widow Quin was also very effective in projecting her character as a woman desperately trying to find a man thru her expressiveness, eye movements and daunting smile. Besides from being skilled in internalization and generation of emotional and physical conditions that are needed for the scene, actors must also possess good vocal projection, clarity of speech and capacity to emulate diction and accents. The actors/actresses possessed rather loud voices and pronounced words so clearly that the audience can easily perceive the message they were trying to relate. The audience was not left with questions of what the actor was trying to say the occurrence of which diminishes the effective projection of the scene. What is my measure of all this claims that I have made I came with this conclusion when I observed myself laughing at the statements made by the characters. For example, I was able to appreciate the statement made by Christy when he stated that he should have killed his father a long time ago if he knew that it could be the reason for women fighting each other for him. I would not have been able to appreciate that remark without hearing the v oice of the actor. It is also noteworthy how Pegeen's physical style made her well suited for a comedy with moral intonations. She had impeccable timing and superb reaction skills making her an actress that takes less time to convey a comedic moment than most actresses do. A body gesture communicates faster than the spoken word, and the lightning-fast pace of the show's comedy was often maintained by her involvement. 2.0 Faustus The very first struggle that can be presumed to be experienced by the actors in the Faustus production is how to internalize the character of devils such that projection is effectively achieved. Instead of costumes and facial expressions that would indicate a devil character, they brilliantly resorted to physical movements. In this venture, we see how the actors effectively moved so that they appeared to be mischievous as devils are. Nonetheless, they seem to be lacking expressiveness as the aura seems to be rather lacking of interest. The actor who played Faustus failed to some degree in the projection of his character. Faustus was a man who was torn between physics and

Chemistry class xii project Essay Example for Free

Chemistry class xii project Essay Theory What is rust? Rust is the common name of a compound, iron oxide. Iron oxide, the chemical Effie, is common because iron combines very readily with oxygen so readily, in fact, that pure Iron Is only rarely found In nature. Iron (or steel) rusting Is an example of corrosion an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons). Causes When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps provide oxygen to the anode. As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow through the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept away by the electrical flow or converted into metal actions in a form such as rust. For iron to become Iron oxide, three things are required: Iron, water and oxygen. Heres what happens when the three get together: When a drop of water hits an Iron object, two things begin to happen almost immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the air to form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte. As the acid is formed and the iron dissolved, some of the water will begin o break down Into Its component pieces hydrogen and oxygen. The free oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode portion of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of Iron Itself, Consequences Rusting has a number of effects on metal objects. It makes them look orange and rough. It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong Iron or steel with flaky powder. Some oxides on some metals such as aluminum form Just a thin layer on top which lows down further corrosion, but rust can slowly eat away at even the biggest piece of iron. If a piece of Irons strength Is important for safety, such as a bridge support or a cars brake caliper. It Is a good Idea to Inspect It for rust damage every now and then. Rust also can cause metal parts that are supposed to slide over one another to become stuck. Rust can make holes In sheet metal. Rusty car mufflers sometimes develop holes in them, and the sheet steel making the outer bodies of cars will often rust through, making holes. Rust Is a lot less magnetic than Iron. An iron magnet will probably still work almost as ell when It has a thin coating of rust on It, but If It has rusted so badly that most of the metal is gone, then it will not work very well as a magnet. 1 OFF which is a metallic conductor. So if some electrical connection is made with iron, its likely to go bad when the iron surface rusts. Rust is associated with degradation of iron-based tools and structures. As rust has a much higher volume than the originating mass of iron, its build-up can also cause failure by forcing apart adjacent parts ? a phenomenon sometimes known as rust packing. It was the cause of the collapse of the Missus river bridge in 1983, when he bearings rusted internally and pushed one corner of the road slab off its support. Rust was also an important factor in the Silver Bridge disaster of 1967 in West Virginia, when a steel suspension bridge collapsed in less than a minute, killing 46 drivers and passengers on the bridge at the time. Prevention and Protection Because of the widespread use and importance of iron and steel products, the prevention or slowing of rust is the basis of major economic activities in a number of specialized technologies. A brief overview of methods is presented here; for detailed overage, see the cross-referenced articles. Rust is permeable to air and water, therefore the interior metallic iron beneath a rust layer continues to corrode. Rust prevention thus requires coatings that preclude rust formation. Some methods of prevention of rusting are as follows: Gallivanting:- Globalization consists of an application on the object to be protected of a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip gallivanting or electroplating. Zinc is traditionally used because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides catholic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer. In more corrosive environments (such as salt water), cadmium plating is preferred. Coating and Painting:- Rust formation can be controlled with coatings, such as paint, lacquer, or varnish that isolate the iron from the environment. Large structures with enclosed box sections, such as ships and modern automobiles, often have a wax-based product (technically a slashing oil) injected into these sections. Such treatments usually also contain rust inhibitors. Covering steel with concrete can provide some protection to steel because of the alkaline pH environment at the steel-concrete interface. Humidity Control:- Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in the atmosphere. An example of this is the use of silica gel packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by sea. Metal Coupling:-Len this method, the iron is coupled with other metal and if the metal is above iron in electrochemical series(meaner more electrostatics)then in the galvanic cell is formed by the contact of the iron and that metal, iron will go under reduction it will be safe from rusting. If the metal is below iron in electrochemical series then iron will go under oxidation and rusting will be facilitated.

The Relation of Narratives and Video Games Essay Example for Free

The Relation of Narratives and Video Games Essay Video games are a relatively new form of entertainment; the first video game is considered to be Tennis for Two (1958), around fifty years ago, while film has been around for over one-hundred years, the printing press for over five-hundred, and storytelling for thousands of years before that. Because of its newness, video games are a developing medium, their conventions and potential have not been explored as fully in comparison with film and literature. Computers as a technology allow us to overcome more complex tasks and obtain and utilize information more quickly than previous technologies. Often there can be the tendency to describe the new medium as radically different from the old, solely based on its technology. However, it is not necessarily the case. Video games do have new capabilities that separate them from previous storytelling media and it is these new characteristics of video games that separate them from film and literature, creating an environment of storytelling where the traditional narrative structure does not directly apply. Using narrative media as examples a lot can be discovered about video games, however, one must remember what makes them games. See more: how to start a narrative essay Looking at video games as a continuation of games in general rather than an extension of film, they hold a history dating as far back as the ancient Egyptian game of Senet (discovered in the 2686 BC tomb of Hesy-re) (Juul, Half-Real 3-4). It is these game components that must be understood before looking at games from different perspectives. Jesper Juul drew from theorists before him to present what he denotes the classic game model. Juul defines that a game is: 1. a rule-based formal system; 2. with variable and quantifiable outcomes; 3. where different outcomes are assigned different values; 4. where the player exerts effort in order to influence the outcome; 5. the player feels emotionally attached to the outcome; 6. and the consequences of the activity are optional and negotiable (Half-Real 6-7). This model is only a barebones description of what games are and does not outline the variety of games, or what makes games enjoyable. This model is also transmedial, meaning that games are not tied to any medium, just as storytelling is not tied to any medium—there is no ideal game medium and there is no physical component common to all games, but there exists the â€Å"immaterial† component of rules that is common to all games. Rules are the base component of games. They govern how the game is played and they should be designed in a way to make it clear what is and is not allowed in playing the game. Games therefore resemble a state machine, a term used in computer science to describe a machine that consists of an initial state, accepts a number of input events, that changes the state responding to the inputs using a state transition function (in the case of this example, the game rules) and then produces outputs using an output function. Visualizing a game as such, the activity of playing a game produces a game tree that can be seen as branching off at each decision and input. Playing a game is interacting with this state machine and exploring this game tree (Juul, Half-Real 55-56). Rules, however, are seen everywhere in the world, and it is not solely the existence of rules that makes a game. The second item of the classic game model—that games must have variable and quantifiable outcomes—is a salient feature of the game. If a game exists in such a way that no matter how the player interacts with it, it always produces the exact same result, it is not a game. The variable outcomes must also have different values, with some being more desirable to attain than others. In the video game Super Mario Bros. (Nintendo 1985) the outcome of losing all of the game lives is less desirable than defeating the last stage. A player must also exert effort to influence the outcome, generally in a manner that requires more effort to realize a more desirable outcome. It is not merely enough that the player interacts with the game, they must also have a sense of agency. Agency is not simply interaction, but interaction where the player has influence (Murray 126). This separates games of pure chance and gambling as borderline cases. In a game where the player rolls a die and the result of rolling a six is considered victory, the player only exerts trivial effort to roll the die, and exhibits no agency. The player of a game must also feel emotionally attached to the outcome—if the player loses all of their lives in Super Mario Bros. , the player has achieved a negative outcome, and agrees to feel sad, while if they defeat the last stage, they have achieved a positive outcome and agree to feel happy. If the player is not emotionally attached to the outcome, they would not exert the effort to play. The sixth item of the classic game model separates games from the real world—game theorists Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman call this subset of the real world a magic circle (95). Games are a part of the world that they exist in, but the rules carve out a world separated from the real world. It is here where the consequences of outcomes are optional and negotiable—games are a voluntary activity where players can decide the consequences of the game. Soccer, as an example, is a game where in some cases players decide the consequences are simply the glory of victory, but other players, decide that the consequences are career-changing (in the case of professional soccer players). On the other hand, the rules for a political election are game-like and could be played as a game, but an actual election has decided, non-negotiable consequences and therefore is not a game. In the same manner, it could be argued that professional soccer is not a game, but soccer itself is still considered a game as it is known that soccer is played recreationally and its consequences are negotiable. The classic game model outlines games as a voluntary activity that evaluates a players performance—based on a players effort and skill in interacting with the game rules, a variable outcome with an attached value is reached, to which the player is emotionally attached. However, with the advent of the video game (as well as the pen-and-paper role-playing game), the classic game model is not all there is to games anymore. It is still a valuable definition, but the addition of the computer to games modifies the standard game definition. When it comes to rules, the computer is able to handle far more complex processes than a human, allowing for games where the player is free from enforcing the rules of the game, instead having the computer run as a referee of sort. This referee capability can operate anywhere from playing tic-tac-toe to simulating entire fictional worlds. The ability of the computer to run as a referee also allows for rules and calculations to be kept secret from the player. This ability to manage a large amount of information, as well as the ability to run it in secret allows for the computer to manage whole fictional worlds spawning a new type of game, the progression game. This now means there exists two types of games (elements of which can be combined): emergence games and progression games. Most games that have existed before video games are emergence games—games where a large variety of game variations and outcomes come from a small set of rules. Chess, soccer and Pong (Atari 1972) are examples of the emergence game. Progression games require the player to actualize a predefined sequence of events in order to beat the game. The progression game came about with the adventure game and early examples include The Legend of Zelda (Nintendo 1986) and Final Fantasy (Square 1987). Now that video games can have this progression capability and the ability to easily run fictional environments, they have expanded to include storytelling components. The study of video games, therefore, delves into not just the study of rules and interaction, but also the study of narrative as well. Narratives operate fundamentally differently than games and one cannot use the same methods of study for both. Therefore, when comparing games and narratives, just as one must understand games, the basics of narrative in comparison to games must be understood as well. The Oxford English Dictionary defines a narrative as a spoken or written account of connected events; a story. There are three traditional components of the narrative: setting, character and events (plot)—a narrative consists of a world situated in time, populated by characters that participate in action. The world is independent of the question of fictionality, as narratives can be of real as well as fictional events. They can also be split into two levels, the discourse (the telling of the story) and the story itself. Each of these levels has its own time, discourse time and story time, respectively. The story time is the time it took for the actual events to occur, and the discourse time is the time it takes for the retelling (Juul, â€Å"Games Telling Stories†). A week may pass in a story with no event, and thus the narrative could write it off in one sentence, while an action scene that lasted merely a few seconds could take much longer to explain. This means that even though the narrative may be observing events at a time, there exists an understanding that the events are not actually occurring at the moment of reading (Juul, â€Å"Games Telling Stories†). Narratives are not limited to the novel or storytelling, and can recognizably be translated between different narrative media—The Fellowship of the Ring by J. R. R Tolkien is recognizable as the movie of the same name. However, not everything can be transferred equally as well. For example, film is better at conveying action and movement, while the novel is better suited to producing inner thoughts. With games and narratives understood, examining the two side-by-side displays several differences. The most apparent of these is the difference in timing. The narrative has two levels, discourse and story, but when examining games in the same manner it is near impossible to distinguish between the two. In playing Super Mario Bros., when the player presses the A button on their controller, the in-game character jumps, thus synchronizing story and discourse time. It is imperative of the narrative that this separation in time exists. Not only does jumping in Super Mario Bros. place discourse and story time together, it also influences the game world. The understanding, in experiencing a narrative, that the time of the discourse is separate from the time of the events means that in some manner the events have already occurred (even if the setting is in some supposed future)—the events are unable to be influenced. The very agency that the player exercises in playing a game contradicts the idea of narrativity; it is impossible to influence an event that has already occurred (Juul, â€Å"Games Telling Stories†). Because of this contradiction, games themselves cannot be narratives, but this does not limit them from employing and producing them. The very activity of playing a game can produce a narrative, the player can tell a story of their experience in the game. Just as well, games can have stories told through them (especially progression games) as many games contain back-stories and quests that offer the player narratives alongside their play. Video games have two parts: rules (discussed earlier) and fiction. For a number of years, the arcade game was all that existed and they contained both rules and fiction, but the two were loosely connected. This led some to conclude that a games fiction is easily removable and replaceable, thus making it unimportant in relation to the rules. Juul had previously taken the stance that rules are what make a game a game, fiction is unnecessary for a game, a game with an excellent fiction can still be a terrible game, therefore fiction is unimportant in games (Half-Real 13). When looking at simple games such as Space Invaders (Taito 1978), one could remove the theme of an alien invasion and portray an advancing German front; the players spaceship could become a Russian tank. If the rules were kept the same, the player would experience no real difference between playing either, but the same sort of procedure would not perform the same if it were attempted on a progression game such as Myst (Broderbund 1993) because the game experience relies more heavily on the fiction. Juul stated that, There are, of course, many relationships between theme and structure in a game. Whether or not any of those relationships are essential, they are complex and vital enough to resist my attempt to lightly shuffle them around (Half-Real 15). If the fiction of a game is tied to its experience, what role does it play in the game and its rules? In some cases the fiction may point to the rules, as well as the other way around; in other cases the fiction serves the rules in an incoherent manner, subservient to gameplay. When it comes to the fiction component of games, one main difference from narrative media is that they do not require anthropomorphic actors/characters in order to be entertaining (Juul, Half-Real 160-161). While films and other stories are largely about humans or anthropomorphic characters that a viewer/reader identifies with on a cognitive level, games such as Tetris (Pazhitnov 1985), Pong and Missile Command (Atari 1980) exist without such. This lack of a visible actor does not make Tetris any less of a game, and makes the idea of a movie based on Tetris an unlikelihood, but it shows how games can accomplish something different, and almost completely separate, than traditional narrative media. Another main difference is the progression of time in games. Previously the difference with discourse and story time was explored, but the chronological appearance of time also varies between games and narratives. Due to the fixed, predetermined nature of a narrative the telling can jump around to various points in the story time either in flash-forwards or flash-backs. To do the same in a game becomes problematic, for predetermination precludes agency. If the player is put back in time (in the past), they are put in a situation where they must actualize a series of events that allows the game in the present to exist, thus limiting the player. The same goes for flash-forwards where the player is put in a position of what is to happen, limiting their play upon return to the present. However, even though games are not narratives, games are no longer strictly abstract. They often contain fictional components as well, leading to new types of games. Besides just viewing games as emergent and progressive, there exists five categories of games: abstract, iconic, incoherent world, coherent world and staged. Abstract games are games that does not, nor do its pieces, represent something else. The game of Go is a game that is merely rules and although there exist conventions for the size and appearance of the various game pieces, they do not mean anything. Tetris is a well known abstract video game. Iconic games are quite similar abstract games, but their individual pieces simply have iconic meaning. In a standard deck of cards there is a king, queen and jack of each of the four suits, but there is no clear explanation of their relation to the other kings, queens and jacks of the other suits. Incoherent world games are games that have a fictional world, but it either contains contradictions or events in the gameplay that cannot be explained by the fictional world. In Super Mario Bros. , Mario has multiple lives, but there exists nothing in the fiction that explains it, it only serves the rules. Chess represents two parties at war, but to explain the movement of the units one must refer to the rules as it is not apparent in the fiction. Coherent world games are games that have a fictional world that contain nothing that prevents the player from imagining them in full. Most adventure games such as the recent The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim (Bethesda Softworks 2012) are coherent world games. Staged games are a special type of abstract or representational game that are played inside of a larger, more elaborate world. Mario Party (Nintendo 1998) contains an overarching fictional world and game, but is largely made up of individual staged games. Another instance of the staged game is in Shenmue (Sega 1999) where the protagonist can play on in-game arcade machines. Each of these categories of games has its own place in the world of video games and it is important to be aware of the varieties that exist. Of these varieties though, there is the coherent world—the progression game. In this type of game the player must perform a predefined set of actions in a coherent world setting. This kind of game sounds very similar to the narrative, but still has variable outcomes, player effort and other game components. One example of this kind of game is The Walking Dead (Telltale Games 2012). The Walking Dead is set in Georgia during a fictional zombie apocalypse. The player plays as Lee Everett, a professor convicted of killing a man he found sleeping with his wife. Due to the zombie uprising he does not end up in prison, instead ends up caring for a little girl by the name of Clementine. The gameplay mainly revolves around conversations that the player has with other characters and occasionally the player is put in a position where they must make a critical decision. At the end of each â€Å"chapter,† the game reports out on the player’s decisions as well as the percentage of other players that either disagreed or agreed with them. It is through this method that the player is able to reflect on the cause and effect of their decisions. This sort of environment demonstrates that games are a playground where the player may experiment with things they would or could not do in a real-life setting (Juul, Half-Real 193). It is this phenomenon of player-made decisions and the reflection of them that traditional narratives cannot accomplish. In conclusion, games are made up of six components that make up the classic game model: they are rule-based systems with variable outcomes that have different assigned values, the player exerts effort in order to influence the outcome, the player feels emotionally attached to the outcome, and the consequences of the game are optional and negotiable. With the advent of the computer, there are new capabilities available to games. There are now two main types of games, emergent and progression games, with a spectrum of combinations between them. Emergent games are made up of a set of rules that combine to produce a large set of outcomes. Progression games require the player to perform a specific set of actions in order to complete the game. With this progression capability, it is important to compare video games and narratives. A narrative is a spoken or written account of connected events. Narratives have two levels, story and discourse, each of these with their own time. Games often do not have distinction between their story and discourse time (as the events are occurring in real time), and thus are not narratives. Games, although not narratives themselves, allow for players to produce narratives through playing them; players may recount their experiences in a game. Games may not themselves be stories, but that does not mean that they do not employ them or that player’s cannot tell stories about their experiences in a game. Games offer a different experience than the narrative media before it; the player gets to experience something rather than view it and has an influence in the environment. The player of a game also gets to experiment with ideas in a sort of playground and reflect on their decisions and the effects they have. That does not, however, imply that the medium is necessarily a superior or inferior one. Films, novels and other narrative media can provide experience that games cannot, just as games provide experiences that traditional narrative media cannot. Looking forward, one can only imagine what games can accomplish in the field of entertainment that was not possible before. Works Cited Aarseth, Espen J. Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1997. Print. Ebert, Roger. Video Games Can Never Be Art. RogerEbert. com. Ebert Digital LLC, 16 Apr. 2010. Web. 16 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Game Studies. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Sept. 2012. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. Game The News: The Project That Birthed a Syrian Civil War Game That’s Been Pulled from the App Store. Edge Online. Future Publishing Limited, 8 Jan. 2013. Web. 16 Apr. 2013. Juul, Jesper. â€Å"A Clash between Game and Narrative. † Thesis. University of Copenhagen, 1999. Web. 19 Sept. 2012. . â€Å"Games Telling Stories? A Brief Note on Games and Narratives. † Game Studies1. 1 (2001): n. pag. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. . Half-Real: Video Games between Real Rules and Fictional Worlds. Cambridge: MIT, 2011. Print. Jenkins, Henry. Game Design as Narrative Architecture. Henry Jenkins. MIT, n. d. Web. 16 Apr. 2013. Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace. Cambridge: MIT, 1997. Print. Narrative. Def. 1. Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University, n. d. Web. 28 Apr. 2013. Ryan, Marie-Laure. â€Å"Beyond Myth and Metaphor: The Case of Narrative in Digital Media. † Game Studies 1. 1 (2001): n. pag. Web. 20 Sept. 2012. Salen, Katie, and Eric Zimmerman. Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2003. Print.

Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) Corporate Structure

Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) Corporate Structure Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is a key player in the establishment, maintenance and provision of telecommunication and related services under the license issued by the Ministry of Energy, Water and Communications. It is the dominant player in the fixed line telephony market in Malaysia, offering local call, long distance call and data services through a range of platforms. TMs mobile communications business operates under the Celcom brand while its Internet access business operates under the TM net and Streamyx brands. TM also operates a wireless broadband Internet access network through TM net Hotspot. TM was incorporated in 1984 listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities in Nov 1990. the core business of TM is Telecommunications, Fixed Line Services, Mobile Cellular, Internet Connectivity, Operation of optic fibred systems, Managed Network Services, Trading in telecommunications equipment. Telekom Malaysia Berhad is the largest telecommunication company in Malaysia. It has a monopoly on the fixed line network and has a considerable market share of the mobile communications market after its acquisition of Celcom and merging with its mobile operation arm TM Touch. TM has an internet service provider subsidiary offering narrowband and broadband connectivity. Broadband connectivity is through DSL under TM Nets Streamyx brand. Due to its near monopoly of the last mile connections, TM Net is now the sole DSL broadband provider in the country. Telekom Malaysia officially changed its global brand from Telekom Malaysia to TM in April 2005. Telekom Malaysia Berhad, is one of the largest listed companies on Bursa Malaysia with an operating revenue of more than RM16 billion and total asset over RM41.8 billion. TM is a government-linked company, reporting government shareholdings of over 36%. Of the remaining shares, less than 4% are held by non-bumiputera Malaysians, the racial di stinction being an example of the governments affirmative action policy. TM had a large numbers of companies under its control both in and outside of Malaysia. Through its investment arm TM International Sdn Bhd, TM has  purchased and assumed control of a number of start-up telcos most notably close to the home region. TM has a local subsidiaries such as: * TMNet * VADS * Multimedia University * Multimedia College * TMRD * Telekom Applied Business On September 28, 2007, TM announced a revamp of its corporate structure, de-merging its fixed-line and mobile businesses into two separate companies: Fixed Co and Region Co. Fixed Co will comprise its domestic fixed-line business, internet service provider and other ancillary businesses. Region Co will comprise Celcom, its domestic cellular operator, and all of its international operations. The de-merger exercise is scheduled to be completed by Q1 2008 and both Fixed Co and Region Co will be listed on Bursa Malaysia by June 2008. On 10 December, 2007, TM announced a special dividend amounting to RM 1.6 billion to its shareholder. TM further added that after the demerger, Fixed Co. will adopt a dividend policy of a minimum RM700mil or up to 90% of normalized net profit, whichever is higher. On 11 April 2008, Telekom Malaysia announced that TM International will be listed on the Bursa Malaysia by 28 April 2008. TM International is renamed as Axiata Group Berhad in May 2009. Dialog Tele kom customer base as of end 2008 was 5.5 millions. In sponsorship, Manchester United signs five-year deal with Telekom Malaysia Premier League leaders Manchester United have signed a five-year deal with Telekom Malaysia (TM), which will become its Official Integrated Telecommunications partner in the Far Eastern country. TM is the largest telecommunications company in Malaysia, posting an increase in profits in 2009 of 180.4% compared to the previous year. The company is developing its tour match sponsorship of Man Utd into a complete partnership with the Club. Man Utds success in Malaysia is clearly evident with approximately 25% of the population supporting the Club. Its tours of the Far East attract large crowds with around 40,000 attending the training sessions with the same figure supporting the team at a match in Kuala Lumpur. Market analysis Market analysis is a research aimed at predicting or anticipating the direction of stock, bond, or commodity markets, based on technical data about the movement of market prices or on fundamental data such as corporate earnings prospects or supply and demand. It is a designed to define a companys current or potential markets, forecast their directions, and decide how to expand the companys share and exploit any new trends. Market analysis is a tool companies use in order to better understand the environment in which they operate. It is one of the main steps in the development of a marketing plan. The first step is to conduct market research or gather information through direct mail, telemarketing, focus groups or online surveys. Market analysis, which involves critically reviewing and organizing the data collected so that it can be used in making strategic marketing decisions. Just as one would not build a house on sand, one should never undertake a marketing program that is not buil t on a firm foundation of market knowledge. Telekom Malaysia (TM), the leading player in the Malaysian fixed-line market, is focusing on high-speed broadband and bundled services to drive its future growth, while a declining fixed-line market and shrinking ARPU remain its key challenges. Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is engaged in providing a wide range of services for the telecommunications industry. The companys offering include fixed line, wireless, data and broadband services. The group operates in different countries namely Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, India, Pakistan, and Iran, with a strong focus on the Malaysian market. The company provides fixed line and data services such as telephone and internet connections for business and domestic purposes. Solutions for international wide area networks, corporate level virtual private networks. The Internet and multimedia services of the company include access services and application services. Under the cellular services the company offers wireless related services to its customers. It is managed by its operating subsidiaries such as Celcom (Malaysia) Berhad, TM International (Bangladesh), Dialog Telekom (Sri Lanka), Multinet Pakistan, PT Excelcomindo Pratama TBK (Indonesia), Spice Communications (India), Telekom Malaysia International (Cambodia), and Mobileone (Singapore). Major service offerings include voice, data, mobile internet, messaging, and international roaming. The non-telecommunication related services include property development, printing and publication of directories, education, trading in consumers premises equipment and other businesses. The company operates through four reportable segments namely, Retail Business, Wholesale Business, Global Business and Shared Services or Others. The companys Retail Business segment provides various telecommunication products, services and communication solutions principally to direct consumers, small and medium businesses, corporate and government customers. TM offers a range of voice services, internet or broadband services, data services and information communication technology services. As on December 2008, the Retail Business segment holds a customer base of 1.6 million. During the fiscal 2008, the respective segment accounted MYR 6887.2 million, an increase of 6% over last fiscal. The Wholesale Business segment of the company delivers various telecommunication products and services through its direct networks to other licensed network operators such as Network Facilities Providers (NFP), Network Service Providers (NSP) and Application Service Providers (ASP). The company provides various telecommunications network related services through Fiberails fibre optics backbone, via railway tracks and Petronas gas pipelines. Fiberail is a joint venture formed by Telekom Malaysia Berhad and Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). In addition, its Fibrecomm is a joint venture with Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). It operates through 10Gbps fibre optics network. Moreover, Fibrecomm also offers a neutral infrastructure service. During the fiscal 2008, the respective segment accounted MYR 997.1 million, a 0.65% decrease over last fiscal. Global Business segment is involved in the provision of inbound and outbound services for telecommunication products. The company under its Global Business segment holds collaborations in six continents namely, Asia, Europe, Americas, Oceania, the Middle East and Africa. It is involved on various business alliances with various telcos in Singapore, the Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam and installed global IP nodes in Singapore, Hong Kong, the UK, US and others. Global Data Marketing and Global Voice Marketing teams are the major products and services provided by this segment. During the fiscal 2008, the respective segment accounted MYR 11 48.4 million, an increase of 3.70% over last fiscal. The companys Shared Services or Others include all shared services divisions, networks and subsidiaries that do not fall under the above lines of business. During the fiscal 2008, the respective segment accounted MYR 4381.7 million, a 1.55% decrease over last fiscal. Telekom Research Development Sdn Bhd (TMRD), the research and development division of the group entered into an agreement with MIMOS for research collaboration in cutting-edge technologies between governments linked companies (GLCs). It also signed an agreement with University Technology Malaysia to promote co-operation between the two parties in the field of research and development. The company spent MYR 65.5 million on RD during 2008. In May 2009, Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) and Wi-Net Technology Sdn Bhd (Wi-Net) entered into a Wholesale Ethernet Service Agreement for the provisioning of Wi-Nets wireless broadband service, Winet Broadband. It is the five year agreement, where the Wi-Net will leverage on TMs existing Wholesale Ethernet service and the new High Speed Broadband (HSBB) network and expands supply of its broadband service to more than 2,000 locations nationwide by 2010. Industrial analysis Industry analysis is a tool that facilitates a companys understanding of its position relative to other companies that produce similar products or services. Understanding the forces at work in the overall industry is an important component of effective strategic planning. Industry analysis enables small business owners to identify the threats and opportunities facing their businesses, and to focus their resources on developing unique capabilities that could lead to a competitive advantage. An industry analysis consists of three major elements. That is the underlying forces at work in the industry, the overall attractiveness of the industry and the critical factors that determine a companys success within the industry. Ease of entry refers to how easy or difficult it is for a new firm to begin competing in the industry. The ease of entry into an industry is important because it determines the likelihood that a company will face new competitors. In industries that are easy to enter, so urces of competitive advantage tend to wane quickly. On the other hand, in industries that are difficult to enter, sources of competitive advantage last longer, and firms also tend to benefit from having a constant set of competitors. .The ease of entry into an industry depends upon two factors. It is reaction of existing competitors to new entrants and the barriers to market entry that prevail in the industry. Existing competitors are most likely to react strongly against new entrants when there is a history of such behavior, when the competitors have invested substantial resources in the industry and when the industry is characterized by slow growth. Some of the major barriers to market entry include economies of scale, high capital requirements, and switching costs for the customer, limited access to the channels of distribution, a high degree of product differentiation, and restrictive government policies. A comprehensive industry analysis requires a small business owner to take an objective view of the underlying forces, attractiveness, and success factors that determine the structure of the industry. Understanding the companys operating environment in this way can help the small business owner to formulate a n effective strategy, position the company for success, and make the most efficient use of the limited resources of the small business. Once the forces affecting competition in an industry and their underlying causes have been diagnosed, the firm is in a position to identify its strengths and weaknesses relative to the industry. An effective competitive strategy takes offensive or defensive action in order to create a defendable position against the five competitive forces. Some of the possible strategies include positioning the firm to use its unique capabilities as defense, influencing the balance of outside forces in the firms favor, or anticipating shifts in the underlying industry factors and adapting before competitors do in order to gain a competitive advantage. rom the economist intelligence unit Malaysias telecommunications network is relatively advanced compared with other countries in South-east Asia. In terms of total industry revenue, Malaysias communications market is roughly on a par with that of Singapore (which has a much smaller population), and is well ahead of that of Indonesia. In 2003 the number of telephone land lines per 100 populations in Malaysia stood at 18.3, giving the country about twice the teledensity of Thailand, six times that of the Philippines and five times that of Indonesia. As in most of Asia, the use of cellular telephones has been growing steadily at the end of September 2005 there were around 17.6m mobile accounts. Although telecoms services are excellent and readily available in urban centres, they are only fair in many rural locations. The monopoly of Telekom Malaysia, which is largely state-owned, on fixed-line and cellular services ended in 1994 with the licensing of several competitors. However, Telekom Malaysia remains the dominant provider of fixed-line services, with more than 90% of the market. The newcomers have tended to concentrate on mobile telephony. The ensuing competition has brought lower tariffs and improved service quality. The mobile network is primarily based on Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technology; although a code division multiple access (CDMA) system is being used by Telekom Malaysia to meet demand from rural areas in eastern Malaysia. In order to achieve a truly competitive market, the government must eventually distance itself from the incumbent, Telekom Malaysia, and legislate provisions for local loop unbundling, co-location and interconnection. Without these, Malaysia will not have a competitive market for broadband services, and the fixed-line market is likely to remain stagnant. The development of information and communications technology (ICT) plays a crucial role in the governments plans for the economy. The government has attempted to position Malaysia as a regional and global ICT and multimedia hub, by providing tax breaks to attract multinational corporations and increase the companies competitiveness through the development of the Multimedia Super corridor (MSC) near the capital, Kuala Lumpur. Although the bursting of the dot-com bubble slowed the growth of the 750-sq-km MSC, by end-2005 a total of 1,421 companies had approved MSC status. These companies, of which 349 were majority foreign-owned, included technology manufacturers, data centres and communications-related industries. Usage of ICT, measured in terms of installed personal computers (PCs), rose to almost 170 per 1,000 population in 2003, up from 87.4 in 1998. The Economist Intelligence Unit estimates total information technology (IT) spending in Malaysia at US$3.3bn in 2005. Company analysis The Executive Summary entices the investor to learn more about the company. The company analysis in turn educates the reader regarding the companys history Company profile Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) as the leading integrated Telecommunications Company in Malaysia, that aim to deliver cutting-edge communications, information and entertainment services and the vision is to be Malaysias leading new generation communications provider, embracing customer needs through innovation and execution excellence mission Strive towards customer service excellence and operational efficiency, enrich consumer lifestyle and experience by providing innovative new generation services, improve the performance of our business customers by providing high value information and communications solutions, deliver value for stakeholders by generating shareholder value and supporting Malaysias growth and development Past Accomplishments Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) Investor Relations Unit is constantly striving to improve relationships with all our investors and in ensuring best practices are adhered to all communication with the capital market is governed by the Investor Relations Policy and Guidelines. Unique Qualifications Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM) is a Malaysia based integrated communications solutions provider. The company is principally engaged in the provision of services and solutions in broadband, data and fixed line. TM serves 4.3 million fixed-line customers and 1.6 million broadband customers across the globe. In addition, the company also operates retail, wholesale and the global business. Major subsidiaries of the company include Celcom (Malaysia) Berhad, TM International (Bangladesh), Dialog Telekom (Sri Lanka), Multinet Pakistan, PT Excelcomindo Pratama TBK (Indonesia), Spice Communications (India), Telekom Malaysia International (Cambodia), and Mobileone (Singapore). Other than Malaysia, the company has presence in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, India, Pakistan, and Iran, through its subsidiaries. It is headquartered at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The company reported revenues of (Ringgit) MYR 8,674.90 million during the fiscal year ended December 2008, an increase of 4.57% over 2007. The operating profit of the company was MYR 729.40 million during the fiscal year 2008, a decrease of 21.27% from 2007. The net profit of the company was MYR 791.90 million during the fiscal year 2008, a decrease of 68.92% from 2007. Industry and structural links to company analysis Telekom Malaysia Berhad Financial and Strategic Analysis Review Global Markets Directs Telekom Malaysia Berhad Financial and Strategic Analysis Review is an in-depth business, strategic and financial analysis of Telekom Malaysia Berhad. The report provides a comprehensive insight into the company, including business structure and operations, executive biographies and key competitors. The hallmark of the report is the detailed strategic analysis of the company. This highlights its strengths and weaknesses and the opportunities and threats it faces going forward The Company is engaged in the establishment, maintenance and provision of telecommunication and related services. The Company focuses on fixed line voice, data and broadband, and other telecommunication-related services. The Company operates in retail business, wholesale business, global business and shared services/others. Retail business provides a range of telecommunication products, services and communication solutions to consumers, small and medium businesses, as well as corporate and government customers. Wholesale business provides a range of telecommunication products and services delivered over its networks to other licensed network operators namely network facilities providers, network service providers and application service providers. Global Business provides inbound and outbound services for a range of telecommunication products, including the fixed network operations of its worldwide subsidiaries.

Free Essays - The Web of Life in All the Kings Men :: All the Kings Men Essays

The Spider Web of Life   Throughout the novel, All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren, the characters are constantly feeling the effects of their action later in the book.   Every one of their sinister, sketchy actions were dealt with again later in the book and not in pleasant circumstance.   As Cass Mastern had figured out: †¦the world is like an enormous spider web and if you touch it, however lightly, at any point the vibration ripples to the remotest perimeter and the drowsy spider feels the tingle and is drowsy no more but springs out to fling the gossamer coils about you who have touched the web and then inject the black, numbing poison under your hide.(188-89) This quote is a major theme that is encountered throughout the book.   Jack and the Judge, here is where we mainly see the web at work.   Jack, at the request of Willie, went to dig up dirt on the Judge.   Jack finds so many things out and as he exposes it everything goes wrong, the spider got him.   When Jack reveals his findings to Judge Irwin, his father, he ends up killing himself before Jack has a chance to talk to him father to son.   Although, for the most part, Jack's goal as stated at the beginning of the book was that he was to pursue truth and knowledge, he needed to leave this alone because it was a pursuit of knowledge, but it had no positive motive behind it, and, as we have encountered in previous books throughout the year and throughout this one, truth is not always a good and noble thing.   In this case the truth led to what destroyed the Judge and Jack was pursuing the truth.   The Cass Mastern story provides an interesting parallel to the ongoing saga of Jack Burden and Willie Stark.   Cass is tormented, as Jack is, by the truth and this drives them both to the brink only Cass falls over and can not recover.   Cass hit the spider web when he committed adultery with his good friends wife and after this the venom never seemed to stop flowing.   He could not stop tormenting himself because the ripple in the web he caused had been so huge that it swallowed up his friend and destroyed him.   Cass could not correct what had been done and that destroyed him.   Jack, even though his ripple had also destroyed another, had the opportunity to redeem himself because, even though his action was bad, it truly was in the pursuit of the truth, which, by definition is good.

Retrospectives Essay -- Autobiographies Education Essays

Retrospectives I selected three autobiographical pieces and one analytical for the portfolio. The order is: "Multi-Threaded ThingTM," an autobiographical paper which took inspiration from the form of Susan Griffin's "Our Secrets," and represented my life by pseudocode written in different computer programming languages; "Autobiographical Comparison," which was a partially successful attempt to compare and contrast my beliefs with those of James Baldwin; "Virginia Woolf: Assertive or Introspective," an analytical assessment of Virginia Woolf's motives while writing her memoir A Sketch of the Past; and "The ideal Life," an autobiographical response to the fantasy life portrayed in Maxine Hong Kingston's "White Tigers." I chose this layout because it sorts the papers by an increasing amount of time spent on each paper, which coincides with an increasing order of my satisfaction with it, as well as for some other reasons. The first paper consists of alternating sections of computer code describing the period of the last four years of my life. It was an interesting experiment to write a paper in this structure. It was at once both easier and more difficult to write than a standard prose structure. I found it easier because I am used to and more comfortable writing with computer code. The structure of code is stricter than that of English in that fewer constructions can be used. I found it more difficult because I did not have a set vision of the content of the paper in mind, but rather only one of its form. I actually accomplished matching the form to my vision, something that is never done when the vision is of the content, but had no coherent picture of the piece while writing. It was an interesting experiment to expre... ...or get it down on paper I stop and try to search for a better verb to use. Since this is the way I think ("this is"), I continue to start with these sentences and verbs, but then try to revise it immediately and bring the creative process to a halt while trying to think of better verbs), I believe that it has helped me to develop my writing. It has reacquainted me with the whole process of writing, and while it's not any easier to produce the papers, at least I have the experience of producing, and the knowledge that I can probably do it again if forced. "In conclusion, I would like to thank you, gentle reader. What's that you say? Me thank you? No, it's not a misprint, for you see I have enjoyed writing this paper as much as you have enjoyed reading it." — Charles Montgomery Bums ("Bart's Blood" - Simpsons) Courtesy of an Anonymous Student. Used with permission.

Great Expectations: A thematic analysis :: Great Expectations Essays

Great Expectations: A thematic analysis As the reader begins the book, Dickens instills in the reader a bond with Pip as it is through his eyes in a first person narrative. Dickens’ use of Pip as the narrator is very significant to the telling of the story. We are able to see the progression of Pip as he grows up and his views on the characters in the book. We form an idea about someone from their outward appearance, so having Pip as a narrator it creates a one-sided view about a character because we only see the world from Pip’s eyes and we feel most strongly what Pip is feeling and we feel, about other character what Pip feels about them. Dickens creates sympathy by telling the reader that Pip has never seen his mother & father, instead he sits on their graves trying to find clues that reflect their appearance and personality. Pip at this point is trying to emphasize that his father is superior to his mother, as the antithesis is shown with Joe and his sister. Dickens also tries to make the reader feel sympathy by referring to Pip’s name. On one level his name shows how isolated Pip is, this empathize that Pip created his own nickname. However on a symbolic level his name ‘Pip’ represents the start of life, a seed, as it grows toward its fate. Dickens is trying to emphasize to the reader the solitude of Pip, by using extended sentence structure to increase the tension and prolong the suffering. He also restates that Pip is all alone by using repetition on the word ‘dead’, implicating the loss of 5 of Pip’s siblings, as they died before they were born. The prolonged sentence structure also leads to an ominous word ‘savage lair’. This pathetic fallacy foreshadows the encounter which will make Pip’s life a lot worse. When Magwitch is first introduced, a sad and lonely atmosphere is already established. The fearful connotations in the atmosphere ‘place overgrown with nettles’, the isolated graveyard ‘dark flat wilderness’ and the symbolic place of death ‘the marsh country’ makes Magwitch appearance even more memorable. Magwitch’s social status becomes apparent when Dickens describes his handling of Pip. He addresses Pip in a very rough manner, shaking him and using harsh words. â€Å"Keep still you little devil or I’ll cut your throat!† .This portrayal of Magwitch emphasizes the fact that he is of a lower social class and this ties in with a stereotypical view that someone in the lower half of the social divide will be more likely to commit a crime. This reflects the

Project Management Institute Essay

The main motive of the Project Management Institute is to make the project management indispensable for the generation of the ultimate business results. PMI functions in over 170 countries having members more than 265000 at their advantage, thus making it as a leading membership association for the profession of project management. It is one among the best not-for-profit and non-political organization which conducts programs with the governments, industries and organizations to deliver the best project management programs with the best results. PMI education foundation speaks on the knowledge gaining and portraying the skills and the art for educational and social welfare. PMI also promotes research and providing avenues for building up wealth of information and also indulging in offering certification, networking and activities involving the community at large, thus managing to attain its global presence and global certification in their noble profession. Scope of its Membership: Becoming a member of the PMI institute gives an opportunity for the members to get themselves certified as a professional imparting and demonstrating the skills required thereby helping themselves in standing out in the crowd. To become a member PMI has varied plans suiting the different segments based on their needs where in there are plans for an individual – for those willing to learn and update the best practices in businesses, student – those having degree program at a recognized institute, retiree – having retired from active employment and has a good reputation for 5 consecutive years and those interested in renewing their memberships (renewal). The various benefits which the memberships provide – include the vast knowledge sharing and information search happening in generating the opportunities for themselves and the institute. It gives immense openings for capturing on the capability of getting them networked through the different PMI communities there by getting nurtured with respect to the leadership qualities and being an active participants as volunteers in the various communities, certification programs, research programs, standard programs etc. The members also have scope of getting accessed to the knowledge resources of PMI known as the Project Management Body of Knowledge and also their career frameworks. Along with this opportunity which the members can acquire, they also have an edge over non-members in terms of getting access to the various publications, journals, e-links, virtual library, eReads and References which are set by PMI. The reason one should join PMI is to allow them to be build relationships, improvise on once skills, gain the latest and the first hand information and learn some of the best known practices. Memberships in PMI showcase certain features and characteristics to the peers which indicate their enthusiasm in quality, productivity and return on investments, their seriousness about their own individual development and their own profession and finally their commitment to the ethical business practices shown by the institute. The services which PMI provides to its members – With respect to the career development provided to the members of PMI, the association helps in availing the Certification and the Credentials, providing an extensive job search database which is availed by Career Headquarters at PMI, Making themselves groomed by undertaking various Training and Events happening by seminar worlds, to e-learning initiatives and providing the ultimate solution to the best practices and opportunities in the field of learning and in turn meeting up to the schedules, goals and the interests of the institution. PMI also guides the members in customer services, flexibility in changing and viewing orders, information on payment, pricing and promotions opportunities, shipping and handling assistance, privacy and security all under one umbrella known best for its marketplace. PMI has a strong Business Solutions concept which keeps the members get going by the challenges they have in career framework, Business and Government solutions on a global front to build up the institution on a worldwide basis and providing Organizational maturity in terms of managing the projects, programs and portfolios to generate and plan for its growth. This PMI provides project management implementation and consultancy services to their members and customers by providing added benefits in terms of the latest releases, news archives, articles of interests etc. The five major groups which PMI builds upon its profession are Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling and closing phases and the various knowledge areas which they address to are integration, scope, time, cost, quality, human resources, communications, risk management and procurement.

Global Warming: Effects and Impacts

[pic] Introduction Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. In principle, global warming is neutral as to the period or causes, but in both common and scientific usage the term generally refers to recent warming and implies a human influence. Most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations, which leads to warming of the surface and lower atmosphere by increasing the greenhouse effect caused by gases which are released by activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, land clearing, and agriculture. The predicted effects of global warming for the environment and for human life are numerous and varied. The main effect is an increasing global average temperature. From this flow a variety of resulting effects, namely, rising sea levels, altered patterns of agriculture, increased extreme weather events, and the expansion of the range of tropical diseases. In some cases, the effects may already be occurring, although it is generally difficult to attribute specific natural phenomena to long-term global warming. Examples of projected climate changes include, significant slowing of the ocean circulation that transports warm water to the North Atlantic, large reductions in the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets, accelerated global warming due to carbon cycle feedbacks in the terrestrial biosphere, and releases of terrestrial carbon from permafrost regions and methane from hydrates in coastal sediments. Global warming controversy The global warming controversy is a debate about the causes of observed global warming since the mid-20th century, as well as the expected magnitude and consequences of future warming. A major part of the debate centers around what actions, if any, society should take in response to the prospect of future warming. Some of the main areas of controversy include: 1. Whether the climate is changing beyond natural variations in the historical temperature record 2. Whether human/industrial activity is responsible for the change and if so, to what extent 3. The effect of predicted depletion of fossil fuels, both individually as e. g. oil runs out and users turn to the higher polluting coal and overall as to whether there are sufficient available reserves to cause the more extreme climate change scenarios 4. The effectiveness of policies to reduce CO2 emissions 5. The size of future changes in climate 6. The regional effects of climate change 7. The consequences of climate change Among climate scientists there is little disagreement that global warming is primarily anthropogenic, but the debate continues in the popular media and on a policy level. Questions include whether there is a scientific consensus on the extent and rate of anthropogenic global warming, and in particular whether there is sufficient evidence to justify immediate and far-reaching actions to ameliorate its effects. Those who believe such a consensus exists express a wide range of opinions: some merely recognize the validity of the observed increases in temperature, while others support measures such as the Kyoto Protocol which are intended to reduce the magnitude of future global warming. Still others believe that environmental damage will be so severe that immediate steps must be taken to reduce carbon dioxide and methane emissions, even if the precise results are unknown, and even if there are substantial economic costs to doing so. One example of an attempt to force action is the Sierra Club suing the U. S. government over failure to raise automobile fuel efficiency standards, and thereby decrease carbon dioxide emissions. Most of the consequences of global warming would result from one of three physical changes: sea level rise, higher local temperatures, and changes in rainfall patterns. Sea level is generally expected to rise 50-200 cm in the next century. Erode recreational beaches 100-200 meters, exacerbate coastal flooding and increase the salinity of aquifers and estuaries. o enhance beneficial impacts, but will incur costs and will not prevent all damages. Extremes, variability, and rates of change are all key features in addressing vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, not simply changes in average climate conditions. Human and natural systems will to some degree adapt autonomously to climate change. Planned adaptation can supplement autonomous adaptation, though there are more options and gre ater possibility for offering incentives in the case of adaptation of human systems than in the case of adaptation to protect natural systems. Poorer nations The ability of human systems to adapt to and cope with climate change depends on such factors as wealth, technology, education, information, skills, infrastructure, access to resources, and management capabilities. There is potential for developed and developing countries to enhance and/or acquire adaptive capabilities. Populations and communities are highly variable in their endowments with these attributes, and the developing countries, particularly the least developed countries, are generally poorest in this regard. As a result, they have lesser capacity to adapt and are more vulnerable to climate change damages, just as they are more vulnerable to other stresses. This condition is most extreme among the poorest people. Historic adaptation Some of those who argue for adaptation to global warming do so with the perspective that human civilization has proven to be highly adaptable to climate change in the past and therefore will likely be able to adapt to climate change in the future. The counterargument to this perspective is that the costs of adaptation are much higher than in the past due to the greater investment in urban and industrial infrastructure. In the past, cities could be relocated largely by having the populace pack up their possessions on their backs, on pack animals or wagons and relocate. Modern cities the size of Bristol or Liverpool cannot be relocated easily even with the use of truck, air and rail transport. The damage suffered by New Orleans by hurricane Katrina provides some perspective as to the potential damage that can be caused by a rise in sea level. Far more technology and resources are available today. Our organizational and communication Adaptation mechanisms The following 9 fundamental principles can be considered when designing adaptation policy. 1. The effects of climate change vary by region. 2. The effects of climate change may vary across demographic groups. 3. Climate change poses both risks and opportunities. 4. The effects of climate change must be considered in the context of multiple stressors and factors, which may be as important to the design of adaptive responses as the sensitivity of the change. 5. Adaptation comes at a cost. 6. Adaptive responses vary in effectiveness, as demonstrated by current efforts to cope with climate variability. 7. The systemic nature of climate impacts complicates the development of adaptation policy. 8. Mal-adaptation can result in negative effects that are as serious as the climate-induced effects that are being avoided. 9. Many opportunities for adaptation make sense whether or not the effects of climate change are realized. Methods of adaptation Agricultural production Agriculture of any kind is strongly influenced by the availability of water. Climate change will modify rainfall, evaporation, runoff, and soil moisture storage. Changes in total seasonal precipitation or in its pattern of variability are both important. The occurrence of moisture stress during flowering, pollination, and grain-filling is harmful to most crops and particularly so to corn, soybeans, and wheat. Increased evaporation from the soil and accelerated transpiration in the plants themselves will cause moisture stress; as a result there will be a need to develop crop varieties with greater drought tolerance. The demand for water for irrigation is projected to rise in a warmer climate, bringing increased competition between agriculture–already the largest consumer of water resources in semiarid regions–and urban as well as industrial users. Falling water tables and the resulting increase in the energy needed to pump water will make the practice of irrigation more expensive, particularly when with drier conditions more water will be required per acre. Crop development models In order to further study effects of global warming on agriculture, other ypes of models, such as crop development models, yield prediction, quantities of water or fertilizer consumed, can be used. Such models condense the knowledge accumulated of the climate, soil, and effects observed of the results of various agricultural practices. They thus could make it possible to test strategies of adaptation to modifications of the environment. Because these models are necessarily simplifying natural conditions ( often based on the assumption that weeds, disease and insect pests are controlled), it is not clear whether the results they give will have an in-field reality. However, some results are partly validated with an increasing number of experimental results. Other models, such as insect and disease development models based on climate projections are also used (for example simulation of aphid reproduction or septoria (cereal fungal disease) development). Urban areas One strategy involves adapting urban areas to increasingly severe storms by increasing domestic, unpaved gardens etc and increasing the capacity of storm water systems (and also separating storm water from black water so that overflows in peak periods do not contaminate rivers). Weather Control Also there are methods like seeding of the sulphur in the clouds to have rain when it is required. The control can be better enhanced by adopting genetical methods of agriculture, green roofs in urban areas etc where the fewer fertilizers and less water is used and at the same time the food production is increased thereby increasing the greenery and thus bettering the CO2 sink capacity. Conclusion As discussed in the paper we will like to again focus on the importance of adaptation to global warming as a very strong factor. It is essential that the mitigation efforts continue towards solving the problem but for practical purposes we all very well know that it alone can never accomplish this feat even if it had very large financial resources at its behest. So the best way to survive in nature is to accept it since Charles Darwin rightly said that it’s only the fittest and most adaptable whom the nature will select to stay along with. Hence it will be good if we understand the fact that its we who need to adapt to the nature, much sooner than later rather than expecting the reverse by putting in huge sums of money in terms of technological measures.